Abstract
This project is testing different levels
of exercise and how it effects
the pulse rate. Random students were selected to
participate in tests
which measured how their pulse increased with the more
sustained level
of exercise. Tests include mild, moderate and aggressive
levels of
exercise. It was found that the hypothesis was
correct, peopleís pulse
rate did increase with the higher level of exercise.
Introduction
For my science fair project Iím doing;
Mild, Moderate, Aggressive
Exercise and how it effects your pulse rate. I
chose this project,
because my mom does a lot of running and jogging.
I wanted to find out
whether or not different levels of exercise will increase
your pulse
rate or will it stay the same.
Statement of the Problem
The question to be answered is does
mild, moderate and aggressive
exercise effect your pulse rate.
Hypothesis
I think that exercise increase will
increase pulse rate, except for
distance or middle distance runners. I think that
long and middle
distance runners are trained a sustained level of aerobic
exercise.
Therefore, due to their training, their pulse rate will
not increase as
much as the other people who are not trained.
Review of the Literature Research
Pulse
A pulse is a rhythmic expansion of
the arteries occurring from the
consecutive flows of blood, being produced by the contractions
of the
heart. The arteries resembles elastic tubing.
Every time the heart
flexes, 30 to 60g (two to four ounces) of blood is forced
into the
already-filled arteries. The blood passes through
the arterial system
at the rate of 7m (about 23 feet) a second until it reaches
the
capillaries. Then the blood is lost due to not
enough room or space.
The pulse can be felt wherever an artery passes
a solid structure, such
as a bone or cartilage. The pulse rate varies from
150 beats per minute
in the embryo, and changes to about 60 beats per minute
with age. In
disease, the pulse rate usually varies to the body temperature.
Sometimes a pulse can be felt in the
large veins; it is usually twice
as fast as the arterial system. This is caused
by changes in pressure
in the left auricle.
Blood Pressure
Blood pressure is the pressure of
circulating blood against the walls
of the arteries. The heart can pump more blood
then what can be
absorbed by the arterioles and capillaries, the back
pressure is exerted
against the arteries. Any problem with the heartís
pumping power
affects the blood pressure.
Blood Pressure is measured at two points: the systole
and the
diastole. The systole is the high point where the
heart contracts to
empty blood into the circulation. The diastole
is the low point where
the heart relaxes to fill with blood returned by the
circulation.
Pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury by an
instrument called a
sphygmomanometer, better known as a blood pressure cuff
and a
stethoscope.
Exercise
Exercise if physical activity to maintain
or develop fitness. The lack
of physical activity can cause a risk of high blood pressure,
obesity
and heart related problems. Exercise helps build
and maintain healthy
bones, muscles, and joints.
Children, Adolescents and Exercise
Children and adolescents should do
aerobic activities 2 to 3 times per
week. 20 to 45 minutes of aerobic activities is recommended.
An
additional 3-10 minutes should be for warm-ups (3 minutes
for smaller
children and up to 10 minutes for adolescents).
Cool down after
exercises for 3-5 minutes of stretching and limbering
exercises.
Children from 12-18 years of age should participate in
a training
program. Aerobic exercises is recommended for children
and adolescents
because it is usually easier to do. Some aerobic
exercises are:
basketball
bicycling
cross-country skiing
hockey
ice skating
jogging
karate
rollerblading
rowing
soccer
swimming
tennis
walking (fast)
Materials
13 8th grade students
Calculators
Data sheet
Track field
Watch with a second hand
Procedure
1) I gathered 10-20 students.
2) I had them take their pulse three times to find
their resting pulse.
3) I took groups of 4-8 people out to the field.
4) I made them walk, skip and run.
5) I had them take their pulse for each activity.
6) I copied the information on my data sheet.
7) Repeat this procedure 2 more times.
8) Record data after every experiment.
Variables
In my sciecnce fair project; Mild,
Moderate and Aggressive Exercise vs
Pulse, I could control certain things. Those things
are: the distance
each person ran and the time they ran. But ther
were things I couldnít
control. These things are:
A personís diet
Their level of physical activity
Their blood pressure
Whether or not the ate something before the testing
A personís weight.
Data Sheet
Student
Avg.
Avg. Mild Avg.
Moderate Avg. Aggressive
Resting Pulse Test 1 / Test 2
Test 1 / Test 2 Test
1 / Test 2
Student 1
62
94 / 104
160 / 144
172 / 174
Student 2
105
96 / 104
168 / 160
208 / 202
Student 3*
88
112 / 96
172 / 124
192 / 160
Student 4
94
84 / 108
164 / 196
184 / 180
Student 5*
72
90 / 100
136 / 112
180 / 164
Student 6
72
100 / 92
180 / 140
176 / 180
Student 7*
72
104 / 80
100 / 176
132 / 224
Student 8*
71
92 / 92
136 / 164
180 / 260
Student 9*
74
84 / 100
128 / 180
188 / 196
Student 10
70
116 / 100
160 / 176
172 / 184
Student 11
60
68 / 96
200 / 160
160 / 168
Student 12* 112
92 / 84
168 / 136
184 / 184
* Play Sports
Conclusion
In my science fair project I tested
peopleís resting pulse rate,
tested their pulse rate after walking, tested their pulse
rate after
skipping, and tested their pulse after running around
the school field.
After my testing I found out that
my hypothesis was correct, peopleís
pulse rates increased with the higher level of exercise.
Report
In my science fair project, Mild, Moderate,
Aggressive Exercise v.s.
Pulse, I tested peopleís resting pulse rate, their pulse
after walking,
skipping, and running. I found out that peopleís
pulse rates increased
with the higher level of exercise.
If I were to do my project again there
would be a few things that I
would change. One of these includes making the boys I
tested skip
properly. They felt that skipping properly hurt
their ego. Another
thing I could have changed was to test middle and long
distance. In my
hypothesis I stated that the pulse rates of a middle
and long distance
runners would not increase because they were specially
trained for
running. I should have tested middle and long distance
runners, but I
didnít have enough students that fell into that category.
To alleviate this problem I could
have gone outside my school and
found enough students to get a target sample sufficient
for the groups
middle and long distance runners.
Bibliography
Lauber, Patricia. (1962). Your Body and How
it Works. New York:
Random House
Heintze, Carl. (1972). The Priceless Pump:
The Human Heart. Thomas
Nelson Inc.
ìPulseî Encarta Encyclopedia. 1997 ed.
American Heart Association. ìExercise (Physical
Activity) and
Childrenî. http://www.amhrt.org/Heart_and_Stroke_A_Z_Guide/
exerciesk.html
KidsHealth.org. ìExerciseî.
http://kidshealth.org/parent/nutrition/exercise.html
Lifestyle. ìLifestyle: Youth Fitness Guidelinesî.
http://www.afaa.com/your_body/lifestyle3.html
ìBlood Pressureî Encarta Encyclopedia. 1997 ed.
Time Log
Date: October 16th, 1998
Activity: Researched topic on the Internet.
Time: 1 hour
Date: October 19th, 1998
Activity: Researched topic on the Internet.
Time: 1 hour & 25 minutes
Date: October 20th, 1998
Activity: Researched topic in library.
Time: 45 minutes
Date: October 21st, 1998
Activity: Worked on project in C.H.U.M
Time: 1 hour
Date: November 3rd, 1998
Activity: Researched topic on the Internet.
Time: 1 hour & 30 minutes
Date: November 9th, 1998
Activity: Worked on hypothesis and introduction.
Time: 1 hour & 10 minutes
Date: November 16th, 1998
Activity: Started experimenting.
Time: 25 minutes
Date: November 20th, 1998
Activity: Continued experimenting.
Time: 1 hour & 45 minutes
Date: November 23rd, 1998
Activity: Worked on statement of the problem and
introduction.
Time: 45 minutes
Date: November 30th, 1998
Activity: Worked on Materials and Procedure
Time: 50 minutes
Date: December 2nd, 1998
Activity: Worked on variables.
Time: 30 minutes
Date: December 9th, 1998
Activity: Re-did experiment.
Time: 1 hour & 30 minutes
Date: January 14th, 1999
Activity: Worked on conclusion.
Time: 55 minutes
Date: January 17th, 1999
Activity: Worked on bibliography.
Time: 45 minutes
Date: February 4th, 1999
Activity: Worked on report.
Time : 35 minutes
Date: February 10th, 1999
Activity: Worked on abstract,
Time: 20 minutes
Date: February 11th, 1999
Activity: Worked on board.
Time: 45 minutes
Date: February 14th, 1999
Activity: Worked on board.
Time: 50 minutes